Management theories

Federick Taylor

There are three era of management such as Classical Management Era, Human Relation Era and Human Resources Management Era. In all era, there are the gurus for example Federick Taylor, Henry Gantt, Henri Fayol, Elton Mayo and etc. All the gurus have their own philosophy. I think the human management era is the best era. In this era, most of the workers accept responsibilities and would like to work toward achieving the organization’s goal. The workers are more creative in completing the task.

Communication is important

In every organization, the communication is very important between the employer and the employees. Without communication, the task or some work cannot be done. In every organization, there are the employer and the employee. So, we don't work alone. We have to cooperate with each others to achieve the goal or the objectives of the company. We have to communicate with each others. For example, the manager want to give the task to his or her employee, his or her must communicate to the employee to let them understand what must they do. Communication is not only important, but without it, human life would be non-existent. We have to be able to communicate on a personal level, both verbally and non-verbally. If there was no non-verbal communication, there would be no human reproduction.

I believe good communication is the key to a good relationship. If we communicate well with the people in our lives, we are able to better understand what the people around us want, need, expect of us, and what they are able to do and likewise, they will understand what we want, need, etc. This includes not just the people we live with, but our co-workers, doctors, service providers of many kinds...the list is endless.

The qualities should include being able to state your feelings, wants, needs, expectations, etc. honestly and in a clear manner without putting anyone down. When someone has done this, I feel it is then helpful to rephrase what you heard so you know you have understood their meaning clearly. If you have miss-understood something, this gives them a chance to clarify what they actually meant. When people feel they have been understood, they feel like you value them, and that is a nice feeling.

Reliability vs Validity

Reliability is the consistency of your measurement, or the degree to which an instrument measures the same way each time it is used under the same condition with the same subjects. In short, it is the repeatability of your measurement. A measure is considered reliable if a person's score on the same test given twice is similar. It is important to remember that reliability is not measured, it is estimated.

Validity is the strength of our conclusions, inferences or propositions. More formally, Cook and Campbell (1979) define it as the "best available approximation to the truth or falsity of a given inference, proposition or conclusion." In short, were we right? Let's look at a simple example. Say we are studying the effect of strict attendance policies on class participation. In our case, we saw that class participation did increase after the policy was established. Each type of validity would highlight a different aspect of the relationship between our treatment (strict attendance policy) and our observed outcome (increased class participation).

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Crises in Organization

Crisis communication involves identifying internal and external receivers who must receive information during times of crisis. Crisis communication involves more than controlling or shaping how a company is and will be perceived by external others. In handling the crisis in any organization, there are 10 steps.

1. Commitment from top management to be honest during the crises.
2. Establish a crises communication team
3. Brainstorming regarding crises
4. Stakeholder identification and message preparation
5. Choose methods for sending messages
6. Sequence for communicating message
7. Identify spokesperson and establish a communication center
8. Record the plan
9. Simulate and coach
10. Update periodically

When the crises happen, we must respond quickly. We must provide information to an organization’s publics almost immediately. Then, use the ten steps in crises communication planning. Then, be accessible. Do not risk the wrath of internal or external stakeholders. Employees and media representatives will need information and will become frustrated if your plan does not include some way for this stakeholder to reach you. Avoid from silence and said no comments. Lastly, be truthful.

Organizational Communication

In the first class, i was told by the lecturer what we are going to study in this paper. We have to study the theory of communication, management, and the norm value and culture in organization. We also have to study how to do communication auditing. Our lecturer also want every student must have their own blog. We have to share what have we learn in this class.

Organizational Climate or Culture?

Organizational climate is the internal emotional tone of the organization based on how comfortable organizational members feel with one another and with the organization. Gib has identified two kind of climate such as defensive climate and supportive climate. There are five elements in supportive climate such as supportiveness, credibility, openness, participatory decision making and emphasis on high performance goals. The climate of the organization is more crucial than are communication skills or techniques in creating an effective organization. The manager or the boss should have open door policy which can give opportunity to the subordinate to communicate and give their opinion about something. Organization culture is concerned with the belief and value system of that organization. One might think of the culture as the weather factors and the climate as the weather conditions.